Stories leading to Rajasuya Yagya in Mahabharata

 

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: "While the noble Pandavas were seated in the grand assembly hall, accompanied by the principal Gandharvas, the celestial sage Nārada appeared, O Bharata. Narada, well-versed in the Vedas and Upanishads, was revered by the gods themselves. He possessed deep knowledge of ancient histories, the Purāṇas, and events that had transpired in previous cycles of time. His wisdom spanned across multiple disciplines, including Nyāya (logic) and moral science. Nārada was a master of the six Aṅgas—pronunciation, grammar, prosody, explanation of terms, religious rites, and astronomy. He could resolve contradictions, apply general principles to specific cases, and interpret opposing ideas with remarkable insight."

Śloka:

"Vedānāṁ vaktā, purāṇajñaś ca nāradaḥ |

nyāyavidyākuśalaś ca bhagavān nāradaḥ smṛtaḥ ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.10)

Translation: "Nārada, the speaker of the Vedas and knower of the Purāṇas, is known as being skilled in logic and philosophical discourse."

"Eloquent and resolute, his intelligence was unparalleled, and his memory sharp. Nārada was proficient in distinguishing the superior from the inferior and was skilled in drawing inferences from evidence. He was also an expert in judging the validity of logical statements. In debates, he could match even the great Vṛhaspati, presenting firm conclusions on matters of dharma (righteousness), artha (wealth), kāma (pleasure), and mokṣa (salvation). His vision encompassed the entire universe, seeing everything above, below, and around him as if it were laid before his eyes."

Śloka:

"Sarvavido dharmajño vākyavidyākuśalaḥ |

nāradena vinirmukto bhagavān vākyavistaraḥ ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.12)

Translation: "The illustrious sage Nārada, who knows all, is skilled in debate and discourse on the intricacies of dharma, artha, and kāma."

Narada was a master of both the Sankhya and Yoga philosophies and was known for stirring conflict between gods and demons to humble them. He was deeply knowledgeable in matters of war, treaties, and military strategy, including ambushes, defenses, and reserves. His expertise spanned all branches of learning, and he had a deep love for both warfare and music. There was no field of knowledge or action that could repel him, and his list of accomplishments was boundless.

"After wandering through many worlds, Nārada arrived at the assembly hall. Endowed with immense energy and divine splendor, he was accompanied by Parijāta, the wise Raivata, Saumya, and Sumukha. With the speed of thought, the sage arrived and felt great joy upon seeing the Pandavas. As soon as he arrived, the Brahmana sage offered his blessings to Yudhiṣṭhira, wishing him victory."

Śloka:

"Tvaṁ dhārmiko ‘si vijaye dṛḍham icchāmi pāṇḍava |

rājānaṁ tvaṁ prāptaṁ paśyāmi nāradaḥ smitaḥ ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.15)

Translation: "O Yudhishthira, you are righteous, and I firmly wish for your victory; I, Nārada, behold you, the king, with a smile of joy."

"Seeing Narada’s arrival, the eldest Pandava, who was well-versed in all duties, quickly rose to his feet, followed by his younger brothers. With humility, Yudhishthira bowed low and warmly welcomed the sage. He offered Narada a seat of honor with all due ceremonies, including gifts of kine, honey, and the traditional Arghya. Yudhishthira, mindful of his kingly duties, also offered Narada precious gems and jewels with sincere devotion."

Śloka:

"Pratyutthāyābhivādayaṁs tu nāradaṁ pāṇḍavottamaḥ |

arghyādibhir yathānyāyaṁ pūjayām āsa tāpasaṁ ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.18)

Translation: "The best of the Pandavas, Yudhishthira, rose to greet Nārada and worshiped the sage properly with Arghya and other offerings."

"Narada, pleased by the respect and worship shown to him, addressed Yudhishthira, imparting wisdom on matters of dharma (righteous conduct), artha (prosperity), kāma (pleasure), and mokṣa (salvation)."

Śloka:

"Nāradaḥ saṁprahṛṣṭātmā dharmeṇārthena pāṇḍavam |

upadiśya suśīlaṁ ca pāṇḍavāya mahīpateḥ ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.20)

Translation: "With a delighted soul, Nārada instructed Yudhishthira, the lord of the earth, on dharma, artha, and the righteous path."

"Nārada then asked Yudhishthira if he was spending his wealth on worthwhile causes and enjoying life without letting pleasure weigh him down. He emphasized the importance of following righteous conduct as practiced by his ancestors and warned against sacrificing virtue or wealth for temporary pleasures."

Śloka:

"Kim prāṇināṁ dhanaṁ dharmaṁ saṁrakṣasi sukhārthakam |

kim te putrādayo bhaktyā dharmeṇānugrahītāḥ ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.23)

Translation: "Are you protecting your wealth and life for righteous purposes? Are your sons and followers acting with devotion in line with dharma?"

"Nārada asked if Yudhishthira was balancing his time between duties, enjoyment, and salvation, and if he was applying good judgment in all areas of his rule, including maintaining peace, punishing wrongdoers, and managing resources wisely."

Śloka:

"Kaccit kāmārthau dharmaṁ prāyaśaḥ kurute nṛpaḥ |

yogakṣemaṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ saṁrakṣasi narādhipa ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.25)

Translation: "O King, are you ensuring the well-being of your people through balance between pleasure and duty? Are you safeguarding the welfare of the subjects?"

Narada stressed the importance of surrounding oneself with trustworthy and wise ministers, and making decisions based on counsel, but never revealing secrets too soon. He also inquired if Yudhishthira’s kingdom was secure, his forces well-supplied, and his spies efficient. The sage questioned whether the people under Yudhishthira’s reign were treated fairly and if the king was keeping corruption at bay among his ministers.

"Nārada also asked if Yudhishthira was rewarding people according to their skills and maintaining the trust of his soldiers by paying them on time. He emphasized the importance of being kind to those in need, such as the poor, elderly, and those who had lost their loved ones in service to the kingdom."

Śloka:

"Viprān brāhmaṇakarmastham arthaṁ śūrān samāśritān |

prāpya putrakṛtān yeṣu dharmaṁ pālayasi prabho ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.29)

Translation: "O Lord, are you providing rewards for Brahmanas and warriors in accordance with their duties? Are you protecting the dharma inherited from your ancestors?"

He advised Yudhishthira to show respect to the learned, follow religious practices, and always act with fairness. 

"Nārada explained that a good king not only conquers enemies but also protects those he has defeated and ensures the well-being of his people. He ended by reminding Yudhishthira that a king who governs well will be happy on Earth and attain heaven afterward."

Śloka:

"Rājā hi śaraṇaṁ lokaḥ prajānāṁ yaḥ sukhāvahaḥ |

dharmaś ca satyaś ca nityo rājā vaḥ syād śubhekṣitaḥ ||"

(Mahabharata, Sabha Parva 5.34)

Translation: "The king is the refuge of the people, bringing them happiness, and by being virtuous and truthful, a king always ensures the prosperity of his realm."

Yudhishthira, having listened to Narada’s wise words, promised to follow his advice and rule justly.

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: After Nārada finished speaking, King Yudhiṣṭhira worshiped him with great respect and briefly responded to the sage's queries. Yudhiṣṭhira expressed that he followed the teachings of dharma and nyāya (justice) as best as he could and sought to emulate the righteous ways of past kings. He acknowledged that the actions of previous rulers, which were based on solid principles, always yielded good results.

Śloka:

"Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca:

Dharmeṇa nītir nītīnāṁ dharmasya vyavasāyinām |

Pūrvāḥ śreyāṁso rājendraś dharmaḥ śreyo dhṛto hi me ||"

(Sabha Parva, Chapter 5.11)

Translation: "Yudhiṣṭhira said: I follow the path of righteousness established by the kings of old, O lord of kings, for righteousness has always led to good results."

After a moment of reflection, Yudhiṣṭhira asked Nārada if he had ever seen a hall more magnificent than the one in which they were seated. Smiling, Nārada replied that he had never seen or heard of a hall as splendid as Yudhiṣṭhira's, but offered to describe the divine assembly halls of Yama, Varuṇa, Indra, and Kubera. He said these celestial halls were constructed with both human and divine elements and were revered by gods, ascetics, and sages.

Śloka:

"Nārada uvāca:

Na dṛṣṭaṁ naiva śrutaṁ me tvadīyam iva kasyacit |

Sabheyaṁ tu divīyeṣṭāḥ varuṇasya ca dharmaṇaḥ ||"

(Sabha Parva, Chapter 5.14)

Translation: "Nārada said: I have neither seen nor heard of any assembly hall as grand as this one, but let me tell you of the divine assembly halls of Varuṇa and Yama."

Narada proceeded to describe these assembly rooms one by one. Indra’s hall, called Pushkaramalini, was vast and bright, stretching over 150 yojanas in length and 100 yojanas in width. It was beautifully adorned with celestial trees and hosted divine beings like Marutas, gods, and celestial Rishis who paid homage to Indra.

Narada then described Yama’s assembly hall, built by Viswakarma. This hall was even larger and radiated the brilliance of the sun. It provided every kind of comfort, eliminating hunger, thirst, and pain. Many great kings and sages who had passed on resided there, happily serving Yama.

Next, Narada described the assembly hall of Varuna, the lord of waters. Built within the waters by Viswakarma, it gleamed white and was surrounded by celestial trees and plants. The hall was filled with beautiful birds and provided a perfect atmosphere, neither too hot nor too cold. Varuna was attended by many divine beings, including Nagas and Danavas, and was always surrounded by the best of celestial musicians and dancers.

Finally, Narada described Kuvera’s celestial hall, supported by Yakshas and Guhyakas. Built of gold and jewels, it floated in the air and was filled with fragrant breezes and sweet sounds. Kuvera, the god of wealth, sat in the hall, adorned with riches, and was attended by Apsaras and Gandharvas, who filled the space with music and dance. Many divine beings, including Mahadeva (Shiva), also visited Kuvera’s hall.

After describing these celestial assembly halls, Narada mentioned that he had also visited Brahma’s hall, which was impossible to describe fully because of its changing nature and unimaginable beauty. It was filled with gods, sages, and all kinds of divine beings who worshiped the Creator of all things. This hall was eternal, shining brighter than the sun, and remained untouched by hunger, thirst, or sorrow.

Narada concluded by praising Yudhishthira's assembly hall, declaring it the finest among those in the world of men, though the celestial halls he described were unrivaled in the heavens.

Yudhishthira, after hearing Narada's descriptions of the celestial assembly halls, expressed curiosity about the presence of Harishchandra in Indra's Sabha. He inquired why Harishchandra, among all the kings, was the only one who had attained this honor and also asked about his own father, Pandu, now residing in the region of the Pitris.

Narada explained that Harishchandra, a powerful emperor who ruled over the entire earth, performed the grand Rajasuya sacrifice, during which he gave away immense wealth to the Brahmanas and fulfilled all their desires. As a result of this great sacrifice, Harishchandra attained a place in Indra's celestial hall, where he resides in happiness. Narada emphasized that monarchs who perform the Rajasuya, die in battle without retreating, or achieve great ascetic penance, are granted a place in Indra's realm.

Narada then relayed a message from Pandu, who had witnessed Harishchandra's glory and expressed a desire to attain the same honor. Pandu encouraged Yudhishthira to subjugate the earth, perform the Rajasuya sacrifice, and thereby help him achieve a place in Indra's Sabha. Pandu suggested that if Yudhishthira performed the sacrifice, he and his ancestors could dwell in continuous joy in Indra's realm.

Narada warned that the Rajasuya sacrifice could be obstructed by Brahma Rakshasas and could lead to catastrophic consequences, including war and destruction. He advised Yudhishthira to carefully consider the risks and to protect the four social orders while ensuring the sacrifice's success.

After Narada departed, Yudhishthira and his brothers began contemplating the Rajasuya sacrifice and the challenges it might bring.

After hearing Narada's words about the glory attained by kings who performed the Rajasuya sacrifice, Yudhishthira became restless and preoccupied with the idea of performing the sacrifice himself. He desired the same divine honor as Harishchandra, who had achieved greatness through the Rajasuya. Yudhishthira discussed the matter with his counselors and brothers, who encouraged him to proceed, asserting that he was worthy of the Rajasuya due to his royal lineage and the support of his brothers.

Yudhishthira, however, was a just and thoughtful ruler who always considered the well-being of his people. Known as Ajatasatru (one without enemies), he ruled fairly, ensuring prosperity and harmony in his kingdom. His reign was marked by peace, abundance, and the people's devotion to him. He carefully pondered the decision, considering the challenges and potential obstacles, as the Rajasuya was a grand sacrifice fraught with risks, including the possibility of war.

Although encouraged by his advisors to perform the sacrifice, Yudhishthira sought further guidance. He reflected on the significance of the Rajasuya and, knowing that wise decisions should not be made in haste, he resolved to seek counsel from Krishna, the wisest and most capable person he knew. Yudhishthira believed that Krishna, who had conquered desire and anger, would provide impartial advice.

Thus, Yudhishthira sent a messenger to Krishna, inviting him to Indraprastha. Krishna arrived promptly, and after being warmly received by Yudhishthira, his brothers, and their mother Kunti, Yudhishthira shared his desire to perform the Rajasuya. He expressed that while his counselors had advised him to proceed, he sought Krishna's wisdom to ensure that the decision was truly beneficial for the world and his kingdom.

Krishna said, "O great king, you possess all the qualities needed to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice. However, let me share something important. The Kshatriyas of today are weaker than those who lived in the time of Rama, the son of Jamadagnya. King Jarasandha has now become the most powerful among the Kshatriyas, subjugating many monarchs and establishing himself as the overlord. He commands the allegiance of kings like Sisupala and Bhagadatta, and numerous others have sought his protection.

Though many Kshatriyas flee from Jarasandha's dominance, he continues to grow stronger. He has imprisoned many kings and seeks to sacrifice them in honor of Shiva. If you wish to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice and become emperor, you must first defeat Jarasandha and free the captive monarchs. Without this, your ambition cannot be fulfilled.

We ourselves were once driven out by Jarasandha, forced to leave Mathura and settle in Dwaraka. Although we possess great strength, we were unable to defeat him due to his immense power and the support he receives from allies like Hansa and Dimvaka. Now, the Yadavas have fortified themselves in the mountains of Gomanta, away from Jarasandha's reach.

If you seek to perform the Rajasuya, the first step is to confront Jarasandha. Freeing the captive kings and defeating him will pave the way for your success. Think carefully, O king, and decide what is best."

Yudhishthira replied, "Krishna, you have spoken wisely, as always. Many kings have tried but failed to achieve the imperial dignity. Though I desire to perform the Rajasuya, I fear the might of Jarasandha. With your strength and guidance, however, I believe we can overcome him."

Bhima then said, "Even a weaker king can sometimes defeat a stronger foe through strategy and effort. With Krishna’s wisdom, my strength, and Arjuna’s skills, we can kill Jarasandha."

Krishna added, "Jarasandha has already imprisoned eighty-six kings, intending to sacrifice one hundred. If we act now and defeat him, we will not only stop his cruel deeds but also establish your reign as emperor. It is time to take action."

Yudhishthira said, "Krishna, I long for the imperial dignity, but how can I send Bhima, Arjuna, and you to face Jarasandha? Bhima and Arjuna are like my eyes, and you, Krishna, are like my mind. How could I live without you all? Even Yama, the god of death, would struggle against Jarasandha’s mighty army. I don’t believe we can succeed. This mission could lead to disaster, and it seems wise to abandon it. The Rajasuya sacrifice appears too difficult to achieve."

Arjuna, hearing this, responded, "O king, I have gained powerful weapons, allies, and fame. Valour, not noble birth alone, defines a Kshatriya. One without valour achieves nothing. But one with valour, even without other merits, can conquer foes. If we defeat Jarasandha and rescue the kings he holds captive, we will earn great glory. To hesitate now would make us appear weak. We are capable of this, O king! If we succeed, the imperial title will be ours."

Krishna then added, "Arjuna speaks as a true Kshatriya. We don’t know when death will come, so why avoid the fight? Success depends on good strategy, and though both sides can’t win, we should act boldly. Attacking a powerful enemy head-on isn’t wise, but using strategy and surprise can bring victory. I foresee Jarasandha’s defeat. We either kill him or ascend to heaven, slain with honour."

Yudhishthira, intrigued by the power of Jarasandha, asked Krishna, "Who is this Jarasandha? What is his strength and prowess, that even you, O Krishna, have not defeated him?"

Krishna began, "Listen, O king, to the tale of Jarasandha’s birth. Long ago, there was a mighty ruler of Magadha, King Vrihadratha, renowned for his valor and immense wealth. Despite his strength and prosperity, the king was sorrowful, for he had no heir. He had married two beautiful princesses from the kingdom of Kasi, but neither had borne him a child.

One day, the king heard of the great sage Chandakausika, who had arrived in his kingdom. Vrihadratha, filled with hope, went to the sage with his queens, seeking a boon for a child. The sage, pleased with the king’s devotion, handed him a mango, infused with divine mantras, saying, ‘This will fulfill your desire for an heir.’

In their joy, the queens divided the mango and ate it. Soon, both conceived. However, when the time of birth arrived, each queen delivered only half a child—each fragment incomplete, with one eye, one arm, and one leg. Horrified, the queens abandoned the fragments, and they were discarded by the palace attendants.

It was then that a Rakshasi named Jara, who roamed the land in search of flesh, found the two fragments. Driven by some mysterious force, she joined the two halves together. To her astonishment, the fragments fused into a strong, living child. Startled by the child's power, Jara, unable to harm him, carried the child to the palace and presented him to the king, saying, ‘O King, this is your son, born by the grace of the great sage, and brought together by me. I am Jara, and by your fortune, I have united this child.’

King Vrihadratha, overwhelmed with joy, named the boy ‘Jarasandha,’ meaning ‘joined by Jara.’ The child grew into a powerful young man, strong as the thunderbolt and as fierce as a roaring storm. He brought happiness to the kingdom, and his fame spread far and wide."

Krishna continued, "Later, the sage Chandakausika returned to the kingdom and blessed Jarasandha, foretelling his future. The sage declared that Jarasandha would grow to be invincible, feared by all kings. He would stand as a mighty force, and even the gods would find it difficult to harm him. The Rishi revealed that Jarasandha would one day have the favor of Lord Shiva himself, and this divine connection would grant him tremendous strength and invulnerability."

Śloka:

"Jarāsandhasya vikhyātaṁ balaṁ bhūmiṣṭhitaṁ mahat |

Na devā na ca dānavā na gandharvā na rākṣasāḥ ||

Bhayāt tasya samāsīdya viśrāmyanti mahārathāḥ |

Śiva-prasādāt saṁprāpto balaṁ caiva durāsadam ||"

(Sabha Parva, Chapter 20)

Translation:

"Jarasandha’s strength, renowned and vast, stood unmatched on Earth. Neither the gods, nor the Dānavas, nor the Gandharvas, nor the Rākṣasas dared approach him, for even the greatest warriors rested in fear of him. By the grace of Lord Śiva, he had obtained immense and invincible power."

As Krishna finished, he looked at Yudhishthira and said, "Jarasandha is not just a mortal king; he has been blessed by great forces, both earthly and divine. It is no small task to defeat him, but if we are to proceed with the Rajasuya sacrifice, we must face this challenge."

Krishna said, "The time has come for the destruction of Jarasandha. He cannot be vanquished by all the celestials and Asuras combined, but I believe he can be defeated in a personal duel with bare arms. I possess wisdom, Bhima has strength, and Arjuna is invincible in battle. Together, we will destroy the ruler of Magadha and proceed with the Rajasuya. When we approach Jarasandha in secret, he will surely engage one of us in combat out of pride. Bhima will be the one to fight him, and like death itself, Bhima will defeat him. If you trust me, give me Bhima and Arjuna to accomplish this task."

Vaisampayana continued, "Yudhishthira, seeing Bhima and Arjuna eager and confident, replied to Krishna, 'O Achyuta, you are the lord of the Pandavas, and we are dependent on you. What you say is wise, and I already see Jarasandha defeated, the captive kings freed, and the Rajasuya completed. Without you, I cannot live, nor can Arjuna or Bhima. With you and these two beside me, nothing is impossible. We shall follow your lead, Govinda, for success lies in your hands. Let Arjuna follow you, and Bhima follow Arjuna, for with your wisdom, strategy, and might, we shall achieve victory.'

Hearing Yudhishthira, the trio—Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna—set out for Magadha disguised as Brahmanas. Radiating energy, their anger blazing due to the plight of the captive kings, the three heroes traveled through many lands until they reached the city of Magadha. They crossed rivers, hills, and forests, their purpose clear and unwavering.

Upon reaching the city, Krishna pointed out its grandeur, the impregnable hills guarding it, and the rich lands filled with herds and wealth. He spoke of the ancient kings who once lived there and the famed Nagas who roamed its forests. Krishna remarked how Jarasandha, filled with ambition, was unlike other kings and sought power beyond measure. They would humble him by slaying him that very day.

When they arrived at the city gates, the brothers bypassed the entrance, attacking the sacred Chaityaka peak—a hill revered by the people of Magadha and Jarasandha’s ancestors. By breaking it, they signaled their challenge to Jarasandha. Entering the city, they roamed the streets like lions, their strength evident to all. The people marveled at their power and beauty as they proceeded to the palace.

Jarasandha welcomed them, offering them the traditional respect given to Brahmanas. Krishna informed him that his companions were observing a vow of silence until midnight. The king accepted them as guests and retreated to his private chambers.

At midnight, Jarasandha, bound by his vow to grant Brahmanas an audience no matter the hour, approached them once more. Suspicious of their appearance—adorned with flowers and fragrant paste, bearing the marks of warriors—he questioned their true identity. 'You claim to be Brahmanas, but your actions and appearance suggest otherwise. Breaking the peak of the Chaityaka hill and entering the city through improper means is not the way of Brahmanas. Tell me, who are you, and what is your purpose?'

Krishna, ever composed and skilled in speech, responded calmly to the king’s inquiry."

Krishna said, "O king, know us as Snataka Brahmanas. Both Brahmanas and Kshatriyas can observe the Snataka vow. A Kshatriya, following the special rules of this vow, attains prosperity. Therefore, we have adorned ourselves with flowers. Kshatriyas show their strength through their arms, not their words. If you wish to witness our power, you will see it today. It is the custom that enemies' homes are entered through a wrong gate, while friends’ homes through the right one. We follow this eternal vow of not accepting hospitality from our foes."

Jarasandha replied, "I do not remember wronging you. I have always acted according to Kshatriya customs, treating those under me justly. Why do you now consider me your enemy, when I have done nothing to harm you?"

Krishna responded, "O mighty king, you have imprisoned many virtuous Kshatriya kings and plan to sacrifice them to Rudra. This act of offering human beings in sacrifice is a sin. As protectors of righteousness, we have come to stop you. You think there is no one who can stand against you, but that is a grave mistake. There are many Kshatriyas equal or superior to you. You are not invincible. We, who are capable of bearing your strength, have come to challenge you. Either release the captive kings or prepare to meet your end. I am Krishna, this is Bhima, and this is Arjuna. We are not Brahmanas, and we challenge you to a fight."

Jarasandha, resolute and proud, declared, "I have never taken a king captive without first defeating him in battle. These kings have all been vanquished by me, and it is the duty of a Kshatriya to bring others under control by strength. I will not release them out of fear. I will fight, whether against one, two, or three of you."

Vaisampayana continued, "Thus, Jarasandha prepared for battle, installing his son Sahadeva as his successor. He called upon his generals, and Krishna, knowing that Bhima was destined to defeat Jarasandha, refrained from fighting. When asked whom he wished to fight, Jarasandha chose Bhima, saying, ‘I will fight you, for it is better to be vanquished by a superior opponent.’"

As they engaged in combat, Bhima and Jarasandha wrestled fiercely. They fought with bare arms, grappling and striking each other with immense strength. The battle continued for days without pause, each warrior testing the other’s limits. The people of Magadha gathered to watch, awed by the sheer power of the fighters. Their blows echoed like thunder, and the ground shook beneath their feet. Despite the fatigue that eventually overtook Jarasandha, Bhima, spurred on by Krishna, mustered his strength and prepared to deliver the final blow.

Bhima, understanding Jarasandha's exhaustion, resolved to end the battle. Drawing upon all his courage and strength, Bhima prepared for the decisive moment, determined to defeat the previously undefeated Jarasandha once and for all."

Vaisampayana said, "Bhima, firmly resolved to kill Jarasandha, replied to Krishna, 'O Krishna, this enemy who still stands before me, strong and ready to fight, should not be spared.' Encouraging him, Krishna said, 'Bhima, show today the strength you have inherited from your father, the god of wind, Maruta.' 

With these words, Bhima lifted Jarasandha into the air and spun him around a hundred times. Then, pressing his knee against Jarasandha's back, Bhima broke his body in half. As Jarasandha was split, Bhima roared fiercely, and the sound of his roar mingled with Jarasandha's final cry, striking terror into the hearts of all who heard it. The citizens of Magadha were paralyzed with fear, and many women gave birth prematurely from the shock. The sound was so terrifying that people thought the earth itself was splitting apart.

Leaving Jarasandha's lifeless body at the palace gates, Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna freed the captive kings who had been imprisoned by Jarasandha. These kings, grateful for their rescue, offered jewels and gems to Krishna. The three warriors, victorious and unharmed, left the city of Magadha in Jarasandha's celestial chariot, which was adorned with a flagstaff of divine craftsmanship.

The citizens of Magadha were astonished to see Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna in the chariot, accompanied by Garuda, who appeared as soon as Krishna thought of him. The chariot, decorated with Garuda's presence, shone brilliantly, making it difficult for anyone to gaze upon it, like the midday sun. As they left the city, Krishna paused on a plain outside, where the people of Magadha, led by the Brahmanas, came to worship him.

The freed kings, now safe, thanked Krishna for rescuing them from their suffering and praised the extraordinary act he had accomplished with Bhima and Arjuna. They vowed to support Yudhishthira in his efforts to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice and accepted Krishna's request to assist the Pandavas.

Sahadeva, the son of Jarasandha, accompanied by his relatives and officials, came forward with gifts of jewels and precious stones, worshipping Krishna. Krishna, comforting the frightened Sahadeva, accepted the gifts and installed him as the new king of Magadha. After securing the throne for Sahadeva, Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna returned to Indraprastha, where they were joyfully received by Yudhishthira.

Krishna informed Yudhishthira that Jarasandha had been slain and that the captive kings had been freed. Yudhishthira, filled with happiness, embraced Bhima and Arjuna, celebrating their victory. The kings who had been freed were honored by Yudhishthira and then departed for their own kingdoms.

Thus, Krishna, with the help of Bhima and Arjuna, brought about the downfall of Jarasandha, and the fame of the Pandavas spread far and wide. After Krishna left for Dwarka in his celestial chariot, the Pandavas continued to live in peace and happiness, their fame and fortune growing day by day, as Yudhishthira ruled his kingdom with justice and virtue."

**Summary of Digvijaya Parva: Key Highlights**

1. **Arjuna’s Campaign (North)**: 

   - Arjuna, equipped with celestial weapons and blessings, sets out to the North, aiming to collect tributes and expand their treasury.

   - He subjugates various kings, including Bhagadatta of Pragjyotisha, Vrihanta of Uluka, and Senavindu. 

   - Arjuna conquers northern territories, including the Himalayas, and exacts tribute from the defeated kings.

2. **Bhima’s Campaign (East)**:

   - Bhima marches eastward with a large army, conquering the Panchalas, Gandakas, Videhas, and Dasarnas.

   - He defeats multiple kings such as Sudharman and Rochamana.

   - Bhima eventually subdues Magadha, Karna, and various Mlechcha tribes along the sea coast, returning with vast wealth for Yudhishthira.

3. **Sahadeva’s Campaign (South)**:

   - Sahadeva leads an army southward, subjugating kings like Dantavakra, Sukumara, and Sumitra.

   - He faces challenges from King Nila and receives assistance from the god Agni after offering respectful prayers.

   - Sahadeva conquers Vibhishana of Lanka and various southern kingdoms, acquiring substantial tributes.

4. **Nakula’s Campaign (West)**:

   - Nakula, sent to the western regions, conquers territories like Rohitaka, Sairishaka, and the Dasarnas.

   - He successfully subjugates the tribes of the west, including the Utsava-sanketas, Abhiras, and the Madra kingdom under Salya.

   - Nakula returns to Indraprastha with significant wealth and jewels from his campaign.

5. **Yudhishthira’s Rajasuya Sacrifice Preparation**:

   - Yudhishthira, encouraged by Krishna, decides to perform the Rajasuya sacrifice after his brothers’ successful campaigns.

   - Krishna brings additional wealth to Yudhishthira, and preparations are made for the grand ceremony.

   - Yudhishthira sends out messengers to invite kings and dignitaries to the sacrifice, and numerous kings arrive with tributes.

6. **Arrival of Guests for Rajasuya**:

   - Kings from various regions, including Bhishma, Duryodhana, Bhagadatta, Karna, and Sisupala, arrive for Yudhishthira’s sacrifice.

   - Lavish accommodations are provided for the guests, with palatial mansions and abundant wealth.

7. **The Grand Sacrifice**:

   - Yudhishthira, guided by Krishna, successfully performs the Rajasuya sacrifice, cementing his imperial status.

   - The kings and Brahmanas present are treated with great respect, and Yudhishthira’s fame spreads throughout the world.

This section highlights the Pandavas' individual campaigns to subdue different regions of the subcontinent and the grand celebration of Yudhishthira’s Rajasuya sacrifice, symbolizing their dominance and prosperity.

Organization of Yudhishthira's Rajasuya Sacrifice

Vaisampayana narrated that Yudhishthira, after paying respects to Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, and others, sought their assistance in managing the great Rajasuya sacrifice. He appointed various leaders to oversee specific tasks: 

- Dussasana handled food and entertainment.

- Aswatthama attended to the Brahmanas.

- Sanjaya greeted the kings, while Bhishma and Drona supervised the overall arrangements. 

- Kripa managed the distribution of wealth and gifts to Brahmanas.

Vidura managed disbursement of funds, while Duryodhana was responsible for receiving tributes. Krishna himself, in his humble devotion, washed the feet of Brahmanas.

The sacrificial compound, adorned with high palaces and filled with wealth, echoed with the sounds of celebration. Kings offered precious jewels and large tributes, hoping to aid Yudhishthira in completing the ceremony. Everyone present, from Brahmanas to commoners, was well-fed and satisfied. The gods and Brahmanas were also gratified by the sacrificial rites, and the vast assembly was filled with joy.

On the final day of the Rajasuya sacrifice, as Yudhishthira prepared for the sacred anointing, the Rishis and kings gathered in the sacrificial hall. Seated together, they engaged in discussions about various philosophical and religious topics, making the atmosphere vibrant and filled with wisdom.

Narada, witnessing the grand assembly, was reminded of the divine plan where the gods had taken human forms to rid the earth of its burden. He knew that Krishna, an incarnation of Narayana, was the focal point of this divine mission. Reflecting on this, Narada was filled with awe as he observed the gathering of mighty Kshatriyas.

Bhishma then suggested that the kings present should be honored with the traditional offering of Arghya. Yudhishthira, following Bhishma's guidance, asked whom the foremost honor should be given to. Bhishma, recognizing Krishna’s divine presence, recommended that the first Arghya be presented to Krishna, the greatest among them all.

Sahadeva, following Bhishma's command, offered the Arghya to Krishna, who accepted it graciously. However, this act of honoring Krishna incensed King Sisupala of Chedi, who openly criticized Bhishma, Yudhishthira, and Krishna in the assembly, unable to bear seeing Krishna receive such reverence.

Sisupala angrily addressed Yudhishthira, questioning why Krishna, a mere cowherd and not a king, was given the highest honor in the assembly of great monarchs. He argued that others, such as Drona, Bhishma, and Karna, were more deserving of respect and that Yudhishthira had insulted the kings present by worshipping Krishna. Sisupala mocked Krishna's past deeds and accused Bhishma of improper judgment, claiming Krishna was unworthy of such honor.

Despite Yudhishthira's attempts to calm him, Sisupala continued to mock Krishna and Bhishma. Bhishma defended Krishna, explaining that his unparalleled achievements and divine nature made him the rightful recipient of the Arghya (honor). Bhishma added that Krishna was revered by the gods and had defeated countless kings, making him worthy of worship.

Sisupala’s provocations did not end there. He called Krishna unworthy, mocking his background and past actions. As Sisupala went on insulting Krishna, Bhishma explained that Sisupala was born with extra limbs and an extra eye, and it was prophesied that these would fall off when he met the person destined to kill him—Krishna.

Krishna, bound by a promise to Sisupala’s mother to pardon 100 offenses, had been counting Sisupala’s insults. When Sisupala finally crossed the limit, Krishna invoked his discus (Sudarsana Chakra) and beheaded Sisupala, fulfilling the prophecy. All the kings present witnessed a glowing energy emanating from Sisupala’s body and merging into Krishna, signifying Sisupala’s release.

After Sisupala’s death, a mix of reactions rippled through the assembly of kings. Some were enraged, some fearful, and others remained silent in awe. Despite Sisupala’s actions, Yudhishthira commanded that his funeral be conducted with proper respect, and Sisupala's son was installed as the new king of Chedi.

With the Rajasuya sacrifice completed successfully, the assembled kings praised Yudhishthira for his achievement and sought permission to return to their kingdoms. Yudhishthira, with his brothers, graciously bid farewell to the monarchs. Krishna, too, prepared to return to Dwaraka after ensuring Yudhishthira's success in the sacrifice. Yudhishthira, deeply thankful for Krishna’s support, expressed his reluctance to part ways but ultimately granted him leave.

Before departing, Krishna blessed Yudhishthira, advising him to rule with wisdom and to be a refuge for his people and family. After exchanging heartfelt goodbyes, Krishna ascended his chariot and departed for Dwaraka, concluding the eventful Rajasuya sacrifice.

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In **Aitareya Brahmana (Book 8, Chapter 4)**, the **Rajasuya Yagya** is presented as a royal consecration sacrifice, with detailed rituals and symbolic elements to establish the king’s divine authority and universal sovereignty.